PIXHELL Attack: Exploiting Screen Noise for Data Exfiltration from Air-Gapped Computers

A novel side-channel attack known as PIXHELL is threatening air-gapped systems by using noise generated from screen pixels to leak sensitive data.

  • Screen-Based Data Exfiltration

PIXHELL allows attackers to exfiltrate data through the noise emitted from LCD screens using pixel patterns that generate acoustic signals.

  • No Specialized Hardware Required

Unlike previous side-channel attacks, PIXHELL doesn't rely on speakers or external audio hardware. Instead, it exploits the internal components of LCD screens, such as inductors and capacitors, which vibrate and emit sound when powered.

  • Air-Gapped System Vulnerability

PIXHELL circumvents air-gapping, a common security measure that isolates systems from external networks, by using acoustic signals to breach the system. The malware generates specific pixel patterns on the compromised device, turning the screen into a data-transmitting source.

  • Vulnerable Components

The phenomenon called "coil whine"—vibrations caused by power passing through screen capacitors—enables sound transmission. Attackers manipulate pixel colors to create specific acoustic signals, making it possible to transmit sensitive information to nearby devices.

  • Malware Delivery

PIXHELL can be delivered via phishing, supply chain attacks, or infected USB drives, making it a potent tool for rogue insiders or social engineering attacks.

  • Covert Transmission

The attack can be disguised using subtle pixel colors like RGB (1,1,1), giving the illusion of a black screen, reducing the chance of detection during working hours.

  • Acoustic Transmission

The data, transmitted as acoustic signals, can be received by nearby Windows or Android devices, which demodulate the information for extraction.

  • Organizations should use acoustic jammers, monitor the audio spectrum for unusual frequencies, restrict physical access, and enforce a no-smartphone policy to neutralize this risk.

PIXHELL attack underscores the evolving sophistication of cyber threats, demonstrating how vulnerabilities in air-gapped systems can be exploited through innovative means like screen-based acoustic signals. As attackers find new ways to breach even the most isolated environments, it's crucial to stay vigilant and employ comprehensive security measures.